The following list of tools, machines, and other aspects of machining will take you to Wikipedia articles providing definitions, links, and further references.
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Acme Threads
Band Saw
Broach
Caliper
Carbide
Chuck
Collet
Counterbore
Countersink
Drill Bit
Drilling and Threading
End Mill
File
Gears
High Speed Steel
Lathe
Lathe Center
Machine Taper
Metalworking
Micrometer
Milling Cutter
Milling Machine
Pipe Threads
Reamer
Screw Machine
Speeds and Feeds
Tap and Die
Tool Steel
Threads - Unified Standard
Tool Bit
Turning